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<h1>FLATBED TRUCK DRIVERS' TERMINOLOGY</h1>
Before you pull an open deck, you need to learn the lingo.[/vc_column_text][/vc_column][/vc_row][vc_row type="in_container" full_screen_row_position="middle" scene_position="center" text_color="dark" text_align="left" overlay_strength="0.3" shape_divider_position="bottom"][vc_column column_padding="no-extra-padding" column_padding_position="all" background_color_opacity="1" background_hover_color_opacity="1" column_shadow="none" column_border_radius="none" width="1/1" tablet_text_alignment="default" phone_text_alignment="default" column_border_width="none" column_border_style="solid"][toggles style="default"][toggle color="Accent-Color" title="1. STANDARD FLATBED TRAILER"][vc_row_inner column_margin="default" text_align="left"][vc_column_inner column_padding="no-extra-padding" column_padding_position="all" background_color_opacity="1" background_hover_color_opacity="1" column_shadow="none" column_border_radius="none" width="1/1" column_border_width="none" column_border_style="solid"][vc_column_text]
<div class="Standard_description">

Standard flatbed trailers that carry "legal loads" share the following characteristics:
<ul>
 	<li>A flat, level bed with no sides or roof. (That’s why they're called “open decks.”)</li>
 	<li>Width less than or equal to 8’6”</li>
 	<li>Height 60” from the ground before loading</li>
 	<li>Length48’ to 53’</li>
 	<li>Carries a load of up to 46,000 lbs</li>
</ul>
Flatbed trucks carry cargo that won't fit on standard pallets or in box vans. A flatbed trailer can transport any bulky item its bed will hold. This includes wrapped stacks of construction materials, oddly shaped machine components and big equipment. Flatbeds are best for cargo that can withstand extreme temperatures or conditions.

The flatbed trailer's chief advantage is quick and easy loading. Cargo is brought on from the back at a dock, from the side by forklift or from overhead by crane or helicopter. Flatbed trailers are perfect for pickups and deliveries at off-road or unconventional locations.

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[/vc_column_text][/vc_column_inner][/vc_row_inner][/toggle][toggle color="Accent-Color" title="2. LEGAL LOADS"][vc_row_inner column_margin="default" text_align="left"][vc_column_inner column_padding="no-extra-padding" column_padding_position="all" background_color_opacity="1" background_hover_color_opacity="1" column_shadow="none" column_border_radius="none" width="1/1" column_border_width="none" column_border_style="solid"][vc_column_text]A "legal load" meets all federal size and weight rules, as well as those of the states through which it passes. In general, the loaded truck is no more than 13’6” tall and 8’6” wide. Legal lengths and weights vary from state to state.

Oversized cargo may be carried on specialty trailers to stay within legal dimensions.

Loads that exceed legal dimensions often requirepermitting and may be subject to federal, state or local restrictions. (See "Over Dimensional Loads" below.)[/vc_column_text][/vc_column_inner][/vc_row_inner][/toggle][toggle color="Accent-Color" title="3. SECUREMENT"][vc_row_inner column_margin="default" text_align="left"][vc_column_inner column_padding="no-extra-padding" column_padding_position="all" background_color_opacity="1" background_hover_color_opacity="1" column_shadow="none" column_border_radius="none" width="1/1" column_border_width="none" column_border_style="solid"][vc_column_text]Freight must be properly secured to prevent shifting. It has to stay on the trailer and off the roadway. It also has to remain in place on the bed, distributed over the axles as originally loaded. This keeps the trailer balanced and stable. It prevents dangerous stress on any one tire or section of the bed. In the event of a quick stop, it prevents cargo from pushing into the cab and injuring the driver.

The Federal Motor Carrier Safety Administration (FMCSA) issues detailed regulations on properly securing cargo. Many municipalities have their own requirements, too.

To help retain a load, some flatbeds have “drop sides” that are hinged to fold down for loading. A “stake truck” uses steel uprights, often removable, for the same purpose. Or a “side kit” can be installed. (Scroll down for a detailed description.)

Flatbed truck drivers most commonly secure freight to open beds with nylon straps or steel chain.
<ul>
 	<li>Flat webbing straps are more user friendly and less likely to damage freight. They're available in longer lengths for taller loads.</li>
 	<li>Chains are stronger. While nylon has a 5,000-pound working load limit, chains handle up to 12,000 pounds. They're more suitable than straps for heavy steel products. Chains are also less susceptible to abrasion on sharp corners. (Nylon straps need extra padding there.)</li>
 	<li>Straps are attached to one side of the trailer with a metal hook. They’re attached to the other side with a winch, which tightens down the load.</li>
 	<li>Chains are looped through a special “rub rail” on either side of the trailer. A load binder takes up the slack in the middle of the chain to tighten down the load.</li>
 	<li>Drivers also use rope, bungees or coil racks to secure loads.</li>
</ul>
“Dunnage” fills open spaces between cargo items and prevents shifting. It can create space under or between cargo items, so a forklift blade slides in for easy lifting. Wood, matting, dry wall strips and air-filled bags commonly serve as dunnage.

Securement may involve concentrating weight or pressure in a small area. Removing securement devices requires caution. If done incorrectly, strong forces suddenly are unleashed, destabilizing the load and endangering everyone in the vicinity.[/vc_column_text][/vc_column_inner][/vc_row_inner][/toggle][toggle color="Accent-Color" title="4. SIDEKIT TRAILERS "][vc_row_inner column_margin="default" text_align="left"][vc_column_inner column_padding="no-extra-padding" column_padding_position="all" background_color_opacity="1" background_hover_color_opacity="1" column_shadow="none" column_border_radius="none" width="1/1" column_border_width="none" column_border_style="solid"][vc_column_text]
<div class="sidikit_description">

A standard flatbed trailer can be equipped with a “side kit.” Removable plywood or fiberglass side panels form the trailer's sidewalls. They provide structure, support and extra protection for the load.

With a side kit, a flatbed truck hauls loose cargo that’s not crated or packaged. That includes granular material, like soybeans - small objects, like watermelons - or oddly shaped pieces, like scrap metal. A side kit forms a protective barrier, too. It can be built around heavy freight or equipment that’s already loaded on the deck.

A tarp and bow system may be installed over a side kit to protect cargo from the elements. Then the trailer is called a “covered wagon.”

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[/vc_column_text][/vc_column_inner][/vc_row_inner][/toggle][toggle color="Accent-Color" title="5. TARPING"][vc_row_inner column_margin="default" text_align="left"][vc_column_inner column_padding="no-extra-padding" column_padding_position="all" background_color_opacity="1" background_hover_color_opacity="1" column_shadow="none" column_border_radius="none" width="1/1" column_border_width="none" column_border_style="solid"][vc_column_text]
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<h3>Some loads need protection from weather, wind, dirt or moisture. Flatbed truck drivers cover them with tarpaulins, or tarps.</h3>
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Tarps usually are made of a heavy vinyl or PVC for water, weather and tear resistance. Rows of D-rings and grommets run its length. They’re used to accommodate the ratchet straps, bungees, ropes or chains that pull a tarp tight over cargo.

Tarps come in a variety of shapes, sizes and weights to cover specific types of freight. The largest weigh up to 80 pounds when dry, and far more when wet or icy. These are a few of the most common types:
<ul>
 	<li><strong>Lumber tarps</strong> originally were intended for specialized lumber hauling. They’ve become all-purpose covers to protect pallets and other bulky cargo. Commonly 24’ wide and anywhere from 26’ to 30’ long, they cover large, high loads. The lumber tarp features a flap that folds down over one end of the load. The flap provides a tighter seal and prevents “parachuting” (when wind fills and billows a tarp).</li>
 	<li><strong>Steel tarps</strong> are smaller than lumber tarps – typically either 12’ or 16’ wide and 24’ long. They are four-sided, without flaps. Steel tarps protect heavy loads with a low profile, such as steel rods, sheet steel and cables. They also provide “top only” protection for loads of crated material.</li>
 	<li><strong>Smoke tarps</strong>, at 10’ or 12’ by 12’, are much smaller. Also known as nose tarps, they cover the top front of a load, protecting against exhaust, bugs and road debris. They can be secured over the front of a load of pipes to prevent wind from whistling through. Smoke tarps can cover small portions of cargo on the open bed, too.</li>
 	<li><strong>Coil tarps</strong> also are called bag tarps, because they’re sewn in a bag shape. Like a fitted cap, they’re pulled over steel or aluminum coils or cable spools to keep them dry and tightly wound.</li>
 	<li><strong>Machinery tarps</strong> protect valuable manufacturing or machine equipment from weather and road vibration. They cover the oversized, odd-shaped loads carried on specialty trailers. Many are manufactured to custom specifications.</li>
</ul>
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[/vc_column_text][/vc_column_inner][/vc_row_inner][/toggle][toggle color="Accent-Color" title="6. BULKHEAD AND HEADACHE RACKS"][vc_row_inner column_margin="default" text_align="left"][vc_column_inner column_padding="no-extra-padding" column_padding_position="all" background_color_opacity="1" background_hover_color_opacity="1" column_shadow="none" column_border_radius="none" width="1/1" column_border_width="none" column_border_style="solid"][vc_column_text]
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Bulkheads and headache racks are safety barriers. They protect the driver from cargo that breaks loose during a sudden stop.
<ul>
 	<li>A headache rack is a reinforcing panel attached directly to the tractor’s frame, behind the cab or sleeper. If the cargo pushes forward, it knocks the cab off its frame rather than penetrating it.</li>
 	<li>A bulkhead is attached to the trailer itself, on the end of the deck closest to the tractor. It’s meant to block the cargo’s forward motion. Impact causes the bulkhead to bend and push the load up, over the cab.</li>
</ul>
OTR cabs often are equipped with headache racks. Bulkheads are more commonly used on local routes.

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[/vc_column_text][/vc_column_inner][/vc_row_inner][/toggle][toggle color="Accent-Color" title="7. OVER DIMENSIONAL LOADS"][vc_row_inner column_margin="default" text_align="left"][vc_column_inner column_padding="no-extra-padding" column_padding_position="all" background_color_opacity="1" background_hover_color_opacity="1" column_shadow="none" column_border_radius="none" width="1/1" column_border_width="none" column_border_style="solid"][vc_column_text]
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There are more than 14 different types of flatbed and specialty trailers. The weight and dimensions of their loads range from “legal”to extremely oversized. (See “Legal Load” above.)

Flatbed trailers are flexible. The road system is not. Delivering an over- dimensional load presents serious technical, legal and logistical challenges. Lane width, bridge strength, signal height, ramp curvature and traffic patterns are just a few.

It takes skill and concentration to deliver an oversized load on time. It takes great care to travel safely in traffic without damaging your surroundings.

That’s why it takes special permits, too.

To travel legally, an oversized load needs a permit in every state through which it travels. Many cities and counties require permits, too. All permits are load-specific and valid for a limited number of days.

Over dimensional trucking is meant for the transport of large and heavy units, not small units combined into an oversized load. A permit is issued only if a shipment can’t be divided into smaller legal loads in less than 8 hours without decreasing its value.

Permitted loads are subject to federal, state and local safety restrictions. They might include any or all of the following:
<ul>
 	<li>In most states, permitted loads may be moved only during daylight hours, Monday through Friday, and not on holidays.</li>
 	<li>The driver often is limited to the use of pre-approved travel routes.</li>
 	<li>Paid police escorts may be required along designated stretches.</li>
 	<li>The hauler may need to arrange to move overhanging signals or wires enroute.</li>
 	<li>The load may have to be marked by red safety flags, banners and amber lights.</li>
 	<li>Loads wider than 11’6” and/or taller than 13’6” typically require pilot/pole/escort cars from origin to destination.</li>
</ul>
Extremely wide, tall, long or heavy loads are known as “super loads.” The definition varies from state to state. A loaded truck that’s over 16’ wide, 16’ tall, 160’ long and/or 200,000 lbs. qualifies in most. Super loads are subject to special, extensive permitting processes.

Over dimensional loads often are handled by specialized trucking companies. They have fleets of specialty trailers. Their expert drivers and support staff can handle the complex challenges of a permitted load.

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[/vc_column_text][/vc_column_inner][/vc_row_inner][/toggle][/toggles][/vc_column][/vc_row][vc_row type="in_container" full_screen_row_position="middle" bg_image="2926" bg_position="left top" bg_repeat="no-repeat" scene_position="center" text_color="dark" text_align="center" top_padding="10%" bottom_padding="10%" overlay_strength="0.3" shape_divider_position="bottom" shape_type=""][vc_column column_padding="no-extra-padding" column_padding_position="all" background_color_opacity="1" background_hover_color_opacity="1" column_shadow="none" column_border_radius="none" width="1/1" tablet_text_alignment="default" phone_text_alignment="default" column_border_width="none" column_border_style="solid"][vc_column_text]

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<img class="size-large wp-image-3867 aligncenter" src="http://lonestar-llc.biz/wp-content/uploads/2018/07/stock-photo-atacama-chile-november-semi-trailer-truck-kenworth-t-at-the-interurban-freeway-346398197-1024x754.jpg" alt="" width="1024" height="754" />[/vc_column_text][/vc_column][/vc_row][vc_row type="full_width_content" full_screen_row_position="middle" vertically_center_columns="true" bg_color="#ffffff" scene_position="center" text_color="dark" text_align="left" class="Flatbed_page" overlay_strength="0.3" shape_divider_position="bottom" shape_type=""][vc_column column_padding="padding-5-percent" column_padding_position="left-right" background_color_opacity="1" background_hover_color_opacity="1" column_shadow="none" column_border_radius="none" el_class="standard_flatbed_right_col" width="1/1" tablet_text_alignment="default" phone_text_alignment="default" column_border_width="none" column_border_style="solid"][nectar_animated_title heading_tag="h3" style="color-strip-reveal" color="Accent-Color" text="SIDEKIT TRAILERS"][/vc_column][/vc_row][vc_row type="full_width_content" full_screen_row_position="middle" vertically_center_columns="true" bg_color="#ffffff" scene_position="center" text_color="dark" text_align="left" class="Flatbed_page" overlay_strength="0.3" shape_divider_position="bottom" shape_type=""][vc_column column_padding="padding-5-percent" column_padding_position="left-right" background_color_opacity="1" background_hover_color_opacity="1" column_shadow="none" column_border_radius="none" el_class="standard_flatbed_right_col" width="1/1" tablet_text_alignment="default" phone_text_alignment="default" column_border_width="none" column_border_style="solid"][nectar_animated_title heading_tag="h3" style="color-strip-reveal" color="Accent-Color" text="TARPING"][/vc_column][/vc_row][vc_row type="in_container" full_screen_row_position="middle" scene_position="center" text_color="dark" text_align="left" overlay_strength="0.3" shape_divider_position="bottom" shape_type=""][vc_column column_padding="no-extra-padding" column_padding_position="all" background_color_opacity="1" background_hover_color_opacity="1" column_shadow="none" column_border_radius="none" width="1/1" tablet_text_alignment="default" phone_text_alignment="default" column_border_width="none" column_border_style="solid"][vc_column_text]Some loads need protection from weather, wind, dirt or moisture. Flatbed truck drivers cover them with tarpaulins, or tarps.

Tarps usually are made of a heavy vinyl or PVC for water, weather and tear resistance. Rows of D-rings and grommets run its length. They’re used to accommodate the ratchet straps, bungees, ropes or chains that pull a tarp tight over cargo.

Tarps come in a variety of shapes, sizes and weights to cover specific types of freight. The largest weigh up to 80 pounds when dry, and far more when wet or icy. These are a few of the most common types:
<ul>
 	<li><strong>Lumber tarps</strong> originally were intended for specialized lumber hauling. They’ve become all-purpose covers to protect pallets and other bulky cargo. Commonly 24’ wide and anywhere from 26’ to 30’ long, they cover large, high loads. The lumber tarp features a flap that folds down over one end of the load. The flap provides a tighter seal and prevents “parachuting” (when wind fills and billows a tarp).</li>
 	<li><strong>Steel tarps</strong> are smaller than lumber tarps – typically either 12’ or 16’ wide and 24’ long. They are four-sided, without flaps. Steel tarps protect heavy loads with a low profile, such as steel rods, sheet steel and cables. They also provide “top only” protection for loads of crated material.</li>
 	<li><strong>Smoke tarps</strong>, at 10’ or 12’ by 12’, are much smaller. Also known as nose tarps, they cover the top front of a load, protecting against exhaust, bugs and road debris. They can be secured over the front of a load of pipes to prevent wind from whistling through. Smoke tarps can cover small portions of cargo on the open bed, too.</li>
 	<li><strong>Coil tarps</strong> also are called bag tarps, because they’re sewn in a bag shape. Like a fitted cap, they’re pulled over steel or aluminum coils or cable spools to keep them dry and tightly wound.</li>
 	<li><strong>Machinery tarps</strong> protect valuable manufacturing or machine equipment from weather and road vibration. They cover the oversized, odd-shaped loads carried on specialty trailers. Many are manufactured to custom specifications.</li>
</ul>
[/vc_column_text][/vc_column][/vc_row][vc_row type="full_width_content" full_screen_row_position="middle" vertically_center_columns="true" bg_color="#ffffff" scene_position="center" text_color="dark" text_align="left" class="Flatbed_page" overlay_strength="0.3" shape_divider_position="bottom" shape_type=""][vc_column column_padding="padding-5-percent" column_padding_position="left-right" background_color_opacity="1" background_hover_color_opacity="1" column_shadow="none" column_border_radius="none" el_class="standard_flatbed_right_col" width="1/1" tablet_text_alignment="default" phone_text_alignment="default" column_border_width="none" column_border_style="solid"][nectar_animated_title heading_tag="h3" style="color-strip-reveal" color="Accent-Color" text="BULKHEAD AND HEADACHE RACKS"][/vc_column][/vc_row][vc_row type="in_container" full_screen_row_position="middle" scene_position="center" text_color="dark" text_align="left" class="Flatbed_page" overlay_strength="0.3" shape_divider_position="bottom" shape_type=""][vc_column column_padding="no-extra-padding" column_padding_position="all" background_color_opacity="1" background_hover_color_opacity="1" column_shadow="none" column_border_radius="none" width="1/1" tablet_text_alignment="default" phone_text_alignment="default" column_border_width="none" column_border_style="solid"][vc_column_text]Bulkheads and headache racks are safety barriers. They protect the driver from cargo that breaks loose during a sudden stop.
<ul>
 	<li>A headache rack is a reinforcing panel attached directly to the tractor’s frame, behind the cab or sleeper. If the cargo pushes forward, it knocks the cab off its frame rather than penetrating it.</li>
 	<li>A bulkhead is attached to the trailer itself, on the end of the deck closest to the tractor. It’s meant to block the cargo’s forward motion. Impact causes the bulkhead to bend and push the load up, over the cab.</li>
</ul>
OTR cabs often are equipped with headache racks. Bulkheads are more commonly used on local routes.[/vc_column_text][/vc_column][/vc_row][vc_row type="full_width_content" full_screen_row_position="middle" vertically_center_columns="true" bg_color="#ffffff" scene_position="center" text_color="dark" text_align="left" class="Flatbed_page" overlay_strength="0.3" shape_divider_position="bottom" shape_type=""][vc_column column_padding="padding-5-percent" column_padding_position="left-right" background_color_opacity="1" background_hover_color_opacity="1" column_shadow="none" column_border_radius="none" el_class="standard_flatbed_right_col" width="1/1" tablet_text_alignment="default" phone_text_alignment="default" column_border_width="none" column_border_style="solid"][nectar_animated_title heading_tag="h3" style="color-strip-reveal" color="Accent-Color" text="OVER DIMENSIONAL LOADS"][/vc_column][/vc_row][vc_row type="full_width_background" full_screen_row_position="middle" scene_position="center" text_color="dark" text_align="left" class="Flatbed_page" overlay_strength="0.3" shape_divider_position="bottom" shape_type=""][vc_column column_padding="padding-5-percent" column_padding_position="all" background_color_opacity="1" background_hover_color_opacity="1" font_color="#ffffff" column_shadow="none" column_border_radius="none" width="1/1" tablet_text_alignment="default" phone_text_alignment="default" column_border_width="none" column_border_style="solid"][vc_column_text]<span style="color: #000000;">There are more than 14 different types of flatbed and specialty trailers. The weight and dimensions of their loads range from "legal"to extremely oversized. (See "Legal Load" above.)</span>

<span style="color: #000000;">Flatbed trailers are flexible. The road system is not. Delivering an over- dimensional load presents serious technical, legal and logistical challenges. Lane width, bridge strength, signal height, ramp curvature and traffic patterns are just a few.</span>

<span style="color: #000000;">It takes skill and concentration to deliver an oversized load on time. It takes great care to travel safely in traffic without damaging your surroundings.</span>

<span style="color: #000000;">That’s why it takes special permits, too.</span>

<span style="color: #000000;">To travel legally, an oversized load needs a permit in every state through which it travels. Many cities and counties require permits, too. All permits are load-specific and valid for a limited number of days.</span>

<span style="color: #000000;">Over dimensional trucking is meant for the transport of large and heavy units, not small units combined into an oversized load. A permit is issued only if a shipment can’t be divided into smaller legal loads in less than 8 hours without decreasing its value.</span>

<span style="color: #000000;">Permitted loads are subject to federal, state and local safety restrictions. They might include any or all of the following:</span>
<ul>
 	<li><span style="color: #000000;">In most states, permitted loads may be moved only during daylight hours, Monday through Friday, and not on holidays.</span></li>
 	<li><span style="color: #000000;">The driver often is limited to the use of pre-approved travel routes.</span></li>
 	<li><span style="color: #000000;">Paid police escorts may be required along designated stretches.</span></li>
 	<li><span style="color: #000000;">The hauler may need to arrange to move overhanging signals or wires enroute.</span></li>
 	<li><span style="color: #000000;">The load may have to be marked by red safety flags, banners and amber lights.</span></li>
 	<li><span style="color: #000000;">Loads wider than 11’6” and/or taller than 13’6” typically require pilot/pole/escort cars from origin to destination.</span></li>
</ul>
<span style="color: #000000;">Extremely wide, tall, long or heavy loads are known as “super loads.” The definition varies from state to state. A loaded truck that’s over 16’ wide, 16’ tall, 160’ long and/or 200,000 lbs. qualifies in most. Super loads are subject to special, extensive permitting processes.</span>

<span style="color: #000000;">Over dimensional loads often are handled by specialized trucking companies. They have fleets of specialty trailers. Their expert drivers and support staff can handle the complex challenges of a permitted load.</span>[/vc_column_text][/vc_column][/vc_row][vc_row type="in_container" full_screen_row_position="middle" scene_position="center" text_color="dark" text_align="left" overlay_strength="0.3" shape_divider_position="bottom"][vc_column column_padding="no-extra-padding" column_padding_position="all" background_color_opacity="1" background_hover_color_opacity="1" column_shadow="none" column_border_radius="none" width="1/1" tablet_text_alignment="default" phone_text_alignment="default" column_border_width="none" column_border_style="solid"][nectar_animated_title heading_tag="h3" style="color-strip-reveal" color="Accent-Color" text="Want to work for a leader in the specialized transportation industry?"][vc_row_inner column_margin="default" text_align="center"][vc_column_inner column_padding="no-extra-padding" column_padding_position="all" background_color_opacity="1" background_hover_color_opacity="1" column_shadow="none" column_border_radius="none" width="1/6" column_border_width="none" column_border_style="solid"][/vc_column_inner][vc_column_inner column_padding="no-extra-padding" column_padding_position="all" background_color_opacity="1" background_hover_color_opacity="1" column_shadow="none" column_border_radius="none" width="2/3" column_border_width="none" column_border_style="solid"][nectar_btn size="small" open_new_tab="true" button_style="regular" button_color_2="Accent-Color" icon_family="none" url="#" text="Apply to Drive for Lone Star" css_animation="fadeIn"][/vc_column_inner][vc_column_inner column_padding="no-extra-padding" column_padding_position="all" background_color_opacity="1" background_hover_color_opacity="1" column_shadow="none" column_border_radius="none" width="1/6" column_border_width="none" column_border_style="solid"][/vc_column_inner][/vc_row_inner][/vc_column][/vc_row][vc_row type="in_container" full_screen_row_position="middle" bg_image="2926" bg_position="left top" bg_repeat="no-repeat" scene_position="center" text_color="dark" text_align="center" top_padding="10%" bottom_padding="10%" class="inner_bottom_section" overlay_strength="0.3" shape_divider_position="bottom" shape_type=""][vc_column column_padding="no-extra-padding" column_padding_position="all" background_color_opacity="1" background_hover_color_opacity="1" column_shadow="none" column_border_radius="none" width="1/1" tablet_text_alignment="default" phone_text_alignment="default" column_border_width="none" column_border_style="solid"][vc_column_text]
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